Attack

An attack is any action intended to cause harm to its target; popular choices include punching, kicking, or shooting them in the head.

For an attack to be possible, the target must be visible, unobstructed by terrain, and in range.

There are two main types of attacks: unaimed attacks and aimed attacks.

Whether an attack reaches its intended target is determined by the attacker's hit chance and a bit of luck.

Every attack triggers a short cooldown (usually around a second long) on performing any additional actions, see the attack delay section for details.

Range

For an attack to be possible to execute, two basic conditions must be met:

• The target must be within your sight range (the maximum distance your character can see)
• The target must be within your weapon's range (the maximum distance your character's equipped weapon can reach)

Your sight range is governed by your Perception, each point extending its base value of 20 by 3 hexes.

Your weapon, even if it's just your bare fists, has a base range measured in hexes. For melee and unarmed attacks, the base range is usually 1 (adjacent hex). For ranged weapons, the base varies wildly: it can be as low as 7 (Flamer) or as high as 75 (Bozar). For throwing weapons, the base range is 5, and the number then scales up with Strength at the rate of +1 range per point.

You may be able to see a target that you cannot attack (usually either because it's too far away for your weapon to reach it, or because your aim is blocked), but you can never attack a target directly unless you're able to see it.

The table below shows a selection of modifiers that interact with attack range.

Range-related modifiers

Source	Effect
Heave Ho! (level perk)	+6 throwing range
Bonus Battle Stats (level perk)	+3 range for ranged weapons
Cowboy (level perk)	+10% range for pistols
Long Arms (level perk)	+1 range for all weapons; 1‑hex bonuses extended to 2 hexes
Ranger (perk synergy)	+5 range for throwing and ranged weapons
Scoped (weapon perk)	Up to +3 range (+6 for Hubologist)
Double Range (Alien weapon perk)	Various effects: +4 range at ranks E and C; rank B doubles total bonus range
Penetrator (Alien weapon perk)	Reduces weapon range by up to 50%
Fire Converter (Alien weapon perk)	Reduces weapon range by up to 8 hexes
Lightning (Alien weapon perk)	30% chance for ranged attacks above 10 hexes to bounce to another target within 10 hexes

Unaimed attack

Unaimed attacks, a.k.a. normal/basic attacks, are attacks that do not target any specific body part. They use your base hit chance and critical chance values, and will always land on the target's torso.

To perform an attack, you must select a valid target.

In FOnline, same as in Fallout 1 and 2, target selection is separate from aiming, however, the latter referring specifically to a deliberate attempt to hit a particular body part (see below).

Aimed attack

An aimed attack is a deliberate attempt to hit a specific part of your target's body.

Aiming imposes an accuracy penalty on the attack, doubles its attack delay, and increases its AP cost, but in return grants bonus critical chance that scales with Luck.

The table below shows the accuracy penalties, AP cost increases, and base critical chance values associated with the body part being aimed at.

Body part	Accuracy multiplier	Base critical chance	Additional AP cost
Eyes	x0.80	60%	+2 AP
Head	x0.85	40%	+2 AP
Groin	x0.90	30%	+2 AP
Arms	x0.95	30%	+1 AP
Legs	x0.95	20%	+1 AP
Torso	x1.00	0%	+1 AP

For most characters, aiming for the torso makes no sense as it activates the AP cost and attack delay penalties with the only "benefit" being the attack type changing from unaimed to aimed.

All aimed attacks have their base critical chance multiplied by 20% and a Luck-scaling critical chance bonus with the base value of 4%. This base value can be increased by the Marksman perk synergy and the More Critical level perk.

The final bonus critical chance granted by aiming an attack is calculated as:

Final Bonus Critical Chance = Base Critical Chance x {20% + [(4% + Marksman bonus + More Critical bonus) x Luck]}

Examples

The following examples demonstrate how the bonus critical chance from aimed attacks is calculated under various conditions:

• If a character has Luck = 20 and aims for the eyes (60% base critical chance):
  60% × {20% + [(4%) × 20]} = 60% × {20% + 80%} = 60% × 100% = 60% bonus critical chance.
• If a character has Luck = 20 and the Marksman perk synergy (+3%) and aims for the eyes:
  60% × {20% + [(4% + 3%) × 20]} = 60% × {20% + [7% × 20]} = 60% × {20% + 140%} = 60% × 160% = 96% bonus critical chance.
• If a character has Luck = 20, the Marksman perk synergy (+3%), and the More Critical level perk (+1%) and aims for the eyes:
  60% × {20% + [(4% + 3% + 1%) × 20]} = 60% × {20% + [8% × 20]} = 60% × {20% + 160%} = 60% × 180% = 108% bonus critical chance.
• If a character has Luck = 1 and aims for the legs (20% base critical chance):
  20% × {20% + [(4%) × 1]} = 20% × {20% + 4%} = 20% × 24% = 4.8% bonus critical chance, rounded up to 5%

Hit chance

Hit chance is the probability that an attack will successfully land on its target.

Hit chance calculation involves three distinct concepts: accuracy, minimum chance to hit, and maximum chance to hit.

Accuracy is a raw, unbounded value that represents the theoretical chance to hit before any limits are applied. The level of the combat skill that corresponds to the weapon you're wielding is the basis for your accuracy.

Minimum chance to hit is a lower bound that prevents accuracy from falling too low. No matter how severe the penalties, your final hit chance can never drop below this floor. By default, it equals 20%.

Maximum chance to hit is an upper bound that keeps your accuracy in check. The final hit chance cannot rise above this ceiling. Maximum chance to hit is affected by a variety of factors, most notably your target's Armor Class. By default, maximum chance to hit equals 80% but don't expect to see that exact number often.

The final hit chance displayed in-game is simply your raw accuracy, clamped between these two bounds.

Raw accuracy calculation

Raw accuracy is computed in three steps.

First, flat bonuses are added to your base skill. Second, multipliers are applied. Third, the distance penalty is subtracted.

Step 1: Add flat bonuses	Step 2: Apply multipliers	Step 3: Subtract distance penalty
Bonus Source +[Combat skill] Attacker's relevant combat skill level +Doctor Surgeon (level perk) +10 × PE Perception grants +10 accuracy per point +100 Loner (trait) +50 Bonus Battle Stats (level perk) +40 ACC (T1 WE stat) +40 S.DMG (T2 WE stat) +40 Target is knocked out +50 Binoculars without Quartermaster +100 Binoculars with Quartermaster +100 Military Binoculars without Quartermaster +200 Military Binoculars with Quartermaster	Multiplier Source x0.8 Aiming at the eyes x0.85 Aiming at the head x0.9 Aiming at the groin x0.95 Aiming at arms or legs x0.55 Double Range (Rank ≤ E) x0.1 Double Range (Rank ≥ D) x0.5 Crippled eyes x2 Sharpshooter (level perk)	For each hex of distance between you and your opponent, your accuracy is reduced By default, the reduction is -4 accuracy/hex The Long Range weapon perk changes it to -1/hex The Soldier class suffers an additional -1, increasing the range penalty to either -5/hex or -2/hex

The raw accuracy value is then constrained by minimum and maximum hit chance values.

Minimum chance to hit modifiers

Minimum chance to hit starts at a base of 20% and is modified by the following:

Modifier	Source
Up to +40%	Long Range (weapon perk)
+20%	Sharpshooter (level perk)
+1%	Soldier (class perk)

Maximum chance to hit modifiers

Maximum chance to hit starts at a base of 80% and is modified by the following:

Modifier	Source
+1% per 25% of skill	Relevant combat skill
-(AC / AC MOD x 2)%	Target's AC, attacker's ammo
+5%	Binoculars (without Quartermaster)
+10%	Binoculars (with Quartermaster)
+10%	Military Binoculars (without Quartermaster)
+20%	Military Binoculars (with Quartermaster)
+4%	ACC (T1 WE stat)
+4%	S.DMG (T2 WE stat)
+5%	Awareness (level perk)
Up to +40%	Long Range (weapon perk)
+20%	Sharpshooter (level perk)
+5%	Small Frame (trait; PvE only)
+5%	Normal damage type bonus
+1%	Tactical Actor (PvE perk)
+1%	Soldier (class perk)
-10%	Target has Agility ≥ 20
-15% (-50% for Regulator)	One Hander using 2-handed weapons
-5%	RadX (drug)
-5%	Target consumed Radiated Brain
-5% per point	Strength below weapon requirements

Special modifiers

The following effects override or modify the standard hit chance calculation in unique ways:

• If the target has the In Your Face! level perk, and the attacker is on an adjacent hex, their minimum and maximum chance to hit = 50%. This value may be further modified by the Life Steal weapon perk.
• If the attacker is blinded, their maximum hit chance is halved.
• If you have more action points than your opponent, their chance to hit you is reduced by 1% for each point of Endurance you have (capped at 20%).

Formulas

Raw Accuracy = Flat Bonuses x Multipliers − Distance Penalty

Minimum Chance to Hit = 20% + Minimum Chance to Hit Modifiers

Maximum Chance to Hit = 80% + Maximum Chance to Hit Modifiers

Final Hit Chance = clamp(Accuracy, Minimum Chance to Hit, Maximum Chance to Hit)

Attack delay

Attack delay is the minimum time (in milliseconds) that must pass after an attack before any subsequent action can be performed.

The lower your attack delay, the faster you are. Each weapon has its own base attack delay value and, as of Patch 6.3.5, so do items that restore hit points.

The table below lists various modifiers that affect attack delay. Bonuses reduce attack delay (good), while penalties increase it (bad).

Type	Modifier	Source	Notes
Bonuses	-200ms	Fast Attacks (level perk)	Flat reduction
	-20% (-50% for Regulator)	Fast Shot (trait)	Applies to single shots only; does not affect rockets/flamers
	-5%	Attack Speed (AS) (WE stat)
	-5%	Melee Mastery (S.HTH) (WE stat)
	-40%	Cowboy (level perk)	Limited to pistols
	-50%	Quick Fingers (perk synergy)	Single shots only (excluding melee and throwing attacks)
	-10%	Soldier (class perk)	Limited to Support Rifles
	Up to -20% (-35% for Hubologist)	Bonus Attack Speed (weapon perk)	Varies by rank
	-0.5% per Leader's Charisma	Leader's mobility flags	Scales with Leader's Charisma
	-1% for each point of Luck	Bounty Hunter (class perk)
	-10% (random chance)	Random Boy rolls	Unlucky rolls apply a +3% penalty instead
Penalties	+100%	Aiming
	+2% per stack	Slow stacks
	+1% for each point of Charisma	Priest (class perk)
	+25%	Raider (class perk)
	+3% (random chance)	Random Boy rolls	Lucky rolls apply a 10% reduction instead
	+30%	Target has Quick Recovery	Applied when attacking a target with this level perk
	+0.5% for each point of Intelligence	Intelligence

Special cases

• Wrecker's attack delay depends on how far the target is: it starts at 100ms if the target is on an adjacent hex and increases by 100ms more for each extra hex
• Killer's rage sets Killer's attack delay to 700ms for 10 seconds
• Heresy sets the minimum attack delay to 1200ms; it has five possible sources:
  • Priest (class perk) automatically applies Heresy on all attackers for 4 seconds.
  • Heresy Shot (Alien weapon perk, rank E) applies Heresy on the target for 4 seconds.
  • Heretical Assault (PvE Master perk) applies Heresy to any NPC hit by your attacks and slows them for 5 seconds.
  • Defense Enhancement (armor perk) provides a 20% chance for attackers to be afflicted with Heresy for up to 7 seconds (or 10 for Hubologist).
  • Robot (class perk) applies Heresy to all enemies within 30 hexes for 3 seconds whenever it transforms into a Robobrain.

Miss and critical miss

When an attack fails to reach its intended target, it is a miss. Your chance to miss is 100% minus your hit chance.

Similarly to hits, misses can be critical. For every 5% of your weapon's missing condition, the critical miss chance increases by 1%.

Weapon condition	100%	95%	90%	85%	80%	75%	70%	65%	60%	55%	50%	45%	40%	35%	30%	25%	20%	15%	10%	5%	0%
Critical miss chance	0%	1%	2%	3%	4%	5%	6%	7%	8%	9%	10%	11%	12%	13%	14%	15%	16%	17%	18%	19%	Broken

The Jinxed trait overrides the condition‑based critical miss chance, fixing its owner's, and their attackers', critical miss chance at 50%.

When a critical miss occurs, one of the following effects is randomly triggered:

• The weapon loses all of its ammo.
• The weapon is destroyed.
• The weapon drops to the ground.
• The weapon "explodes," resulting in randomized condition loss.

Strike

The attack that starts your battle timer ("Strike") may benefit from an extra effect depending on your class.

Most classes have no special ability associated with initiating combat but those that do often rely on it heavily; for example, Combat Master's strikes allow the class to teleport right to the target from up to 40 hexes away to deliver a powerful surprise attack.